Overview of Rehabilitation - Fundamentals. Rehabilitation services are needed by people who have lost the ability to function normally, often because of an injury, a stroke, an infection, a tumor, surgery, or a progressive disorder (such as arthritis—see Physical measures). A pulmonary rehabilitation program (see Breathing exercises) is often appropriate for people who have chronic obstructive lung disease. People who become weak after prolonged bed rest (for example, because of a severe injury or after surgery) also need rehabilitation. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, treatment of any pain and inflammation, and retraining to compensate for specific lost functions are the typical focus of rehabilitation. Treatment usually involves continued sessions of one- on- one training for many weeks. The need for rehabilitation crosses all age groups, although the type, level, and goals of rehabilitation often differ by age. People with chronic impairments, often older people, have different goals and require less intensive rehabilitation or a longer period of rehabilitation than do younger people with a temporary impairment (such as that due to a fracture or burn). For example, the goal of an older person who has severe heart failure and has had a stroke may simply be to regain the ability to do as many self- care activities—such as eating, dressing, bathing, transferring between a bed and a chair, using the toilet, and controlling bladder and bowel function—as possible. The goal of a younger person who has had a fracture is often to regain all functions as quickly as possible. Nonetheless, age alone is not a reason to alter goals or the intensity of rehabilitation, but the presence of other disorders or limitations may be. To initiate a formal rehabilitation program, a doctor writes a referral (similar to a prescription) to a physiatrist (a doctor who is board- certified in rehabilitation medicine), an occupational or physical therapist, or a rehabilitation center. The referral establishes the goals of therapy, a description of the type of illness or injury, and its date of onset. The referral also specifies the type of therapy needed, such as ambulation training (help with walking) or training in activities of daily living. Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction.
Psychological aspects of rehabilitation following serious athletic.
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January 2017
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